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   “Helicopter parenting” describes a style of raising children where parents are overprotective and do too much. The term describes parents who hover over their kids at home and on the playground like a helicopter. Today, modern technology allows these helicopter parents to hover from even faraway places. They can give their children directions at any moment from anywhere.
   Julie Lythcott-haims wrote a book titled How to Raise an Adult: Break Free of the Overparenting Trap and Prepare Your Kids for success. In her book, she gives readers a closer look at this parenting style. She also explains why parents should stop it.
   Julie Lythcott-Haims says she experienced the effects of helicopter parenting first-hand when she worked as dean of first-year students at Standford University. The incoming students, or freshmen, she says, were very smart and accomplished on paper. But many were unable to take care of themselves. “They were turning to parents constantly for guidance, for problem-solving, to have them make the choice about something.”
   Lythcott-Haims warns this kind of parenting has many short-term wins but long-term costs that harm the child. She uses an area common to most children--a playground. Lythcott-Haims suggests letting your child get a little hurt.
   “If you do your child’s homework, it will be perfect. That is what she calls the short-term win. The long-term cost is that your child may not feel capable. And he does not become a determined learner, meaning he will give up easily when faced with a difficult problem to solve.” So what can parents do if they want to beak the overparenting “helicopter” cycle? Reading Julie’s book, you can follow some ways to stop hovering over your children. In a word, when kids have all the skills to take care of themselves, they will be prepared for adulthood.
24. The underlined words “hover over” in Paragraph 1 probably mean “________”.
   A. deal with                 B. fly over 
   C. stare at                      D. circle around
25. What do the “helicopter parents ” believe?
   A. Short-term wins can harm the kids.
   B. Getting protection from parents is necessary. 
   C. Trying to make decisions should be valued. 
   D. Learning from failure is helping kids.
26. What should parents do for their children based on Julie’s study?
   A. Encourage them to do what they can do.
   B. Help them grow with parents’ protection. 
   C. Guide them in doing as parents do or say. 
   D. Prevent them from playing on a playground.
27. What would be the best title for the text?
   A. How to Break the Overparenting Cycle
   B. How to Help Adults with Their Problems
   C. Helicopter Parenting Is Well Worth Trying 
   D. Helping Children Too Much Is Hurting Them
 
C
   They swim lovely along the shore, looking for underwater greens to feed on. But these days, along Florida’s western coast, something is mixing with the seas grass that manatees like to eat. And it’s making them sick --- even killing them.
It’s a poisonous form of algae, usually called “red tide” because of its color. Algae are plant-like organisms (微生物) that live mainly in water. Most are harmless, but not red tide. When it gets mixed in with the grass and the manatees eat it, they get so sick that they can’t even swim.
“They’re basically paralyzed (瘫痪的), and they become unconscious, ” said Virginia Edmonds, an animal care manager. Manatees are mammals and they need to surface often to breathe in air. If a manatee is paralyzed, it can’t swim and will drown.
As of Monday, the current red tide outbreak has killed at least 174 manatees since the beginning of this year. That has already beaten Florida’s record-high number for manatee deaths in a single year --- and we still have nearly nine months to go!
The experts aren’t sure when the red tide outbreak will end. So many more manatees are in danger. The situation has gotten so desperate that Florida zoos have rescued at least a dozen manatees. You can find manatees anywhere from Brazil up to Florida --- and throughout much of the Caribbean Sea.
In fact, the manatee is officially considered an endangered species. Thanks to the US government’s protection, Florida’s manatee population has grown to approximately 5,000 in recent years. But the red tide is threatening their survival. Some experts suspect that pollution from farms even might be fueling the red tide outbreak, because fertilizer that’s used on farms often winds up in water. And when that fertilized water runs off into the Gulf of Mexico, it makes things grow faster --- just like on land.
If you’re in Florida and you see a manatee that doesn’t look right, wildlife officials would like you to call them. They’ve set up a free hotline --- 888-404-3922. “We want to preserve the manatees for the future of Florida,” said Martine, a veterinarian (兽医) with Florida Fish and Wildlife Commission. “We want future generations to enjoy manatees the way we enjoy them right now.”
28. All of the following are about descriptions of red tide except ____________.
   A. plant-like organisms that live mainly in water    B. a kind of sea grass that manatees like to eat
  C. a poisonous form of algae                   D. growing rapidly
29. In the text, the author seems to worry that _____________.
   A. manatees from Brazil up to Florida will be hunted
   B. the experts cannot prevent the red tide from spreading
   C. more manatees will be killed in the following nine months
   D. manatees will have to spend their winter in the Caribbean Sea
30. What can we infer from the text?
  A. The experts know the red tide will end this year.
  B. Florida zoos should try to search for sick manatees in the sea.
 C. The manatees benefit little from the US government’s protection.
  D. Farms should be stopped from sending out harmful materials into the sea.
31. The free hotline is mentioned in the last paragraph to ________.
   A. call on people to protect the environment
   B. let future generations enjoy manatees better
   C. remind people to save the manatees in trouble
   D. show the determination of protecting the manatees
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